Transfer of extracellular vesicle‐micro RNA controls germinal center reaction and antibody production
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
SnapShot: The Germinal Center Reaction
To produce high-affinity antibodies, B cells must undergo iterative cycles of targeted mutagenesis and affinity-based selection. These cycles take place in a structure known as the germinal center, which forms in secondary lymphoid organs upon exposure to antigenic stimuli. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the germinal center reaction.
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BACKGROUND Plain pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) booster administered during second year of life has been shown to cause hyporesponsiveness. We assessed the effects of PPS booster on splenic memory B cell responses and persistence of PPS-specific long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). METHODS Neonatal mice were primed subcutanously (s.c.) or intranasally (i.n.) with pneumococcal c...
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Mice rendered deficient for interleukin (IL) 6 by gene targeting were evaluated for their response to T cell-dependent antigens. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M levels were unaffected whereas all IgG isotypes showed varying degrees of alteration. Germinal center reactions occurred but remained physically smaller in comparison to those in the wild-type mice. This concurred with the observa...
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The germinal center response is the delayed but sustained phase of the antibody response that is responsible for producing high-affinity antibodies of the IgG, IgA and/or IgE isotypes. B cells in the germinal center undergo re-iterative cycles of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin gene variable regions, clonal expansion, and Darwinian selection for cells expressing higher-affinity antibody...
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In this Minireview, we discuss basic aspects of germinal center biology in the context of immunity to influenza infection and speculate on how the simultaneous evolutionary races of virus and antibody may impact our efforts to design a universal influenza vaccine.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: EMBO reports
سال: 2020
ISSN: 1469-221X,1469-3178
DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948925